Структура на темата на изречението и начина за нейното изграждане в чешкия и българския език (към проблематиката на актуалното членение)

The relationship between semantics and context as principles of functional sentence perspec111 tive (1) is considered in the introductory part of the paper. The main factors which influence the structure of the thematic section of utterances are pointed out: the fact that the thematic elements belong to different contextual spheres; their position in the thematic progressions and their syntactic and semantic nature (2.2). The notions of foregrounding („aktualizace“), and of central and secondary („pr{\r u}vodn{í“) thematic components are explained in (2.1). When comparing the ways of building up the thematic section of utterances in Czech and Bulgarian special attention is paid to the position of the central (3.1) and secondary (3.2) thematic components, and to the hierarchization of the thematic components in complex sentences (3.3). In conclusion (3.4), the similarities and differences, established in (3.1)-(3.3), are viewed in respect of the nature of the two language systems and further possibilities for contrastive studies are pointed out.