Теорията на превода като наука

The theory of translation is a new linguistic discipline. Its subject is the process of transformation between languages; it is the process of transforming an original text into a translated text while keeping intact the plane of content; on the other hand it is the result of that process, i. e.the translated text itself. It belongs to macro-linguistics, i. e. linguistics in the broad sense of the word, since a wide range of extralinguistic factors are taken into account in the analysis. It is an applied science closely related to the practice of translation. Using the evidence of practical work, the theory of translation makes generalizations, sets up patterns and offers recommendations. Its prescriptive role is rather limited, however. The following fields may be distinguished: (1) GENERAL theory of translation which studies the general problems of translation from any language into any other language; (2) PARTICULAR theory of translation which studies the concrete relationships between any pair of languages (this theory is closely related to contrastive linguistics); (3) SPECIALIZED theories of translation which analyse the translation problems of the different genres: fiction, publicistic, technical and scientific literature. In connection with the translation of fiction there emerge two aspects, a linguistic and a literary one.