Наблюдения върху семантичната структура на глагола в английския и българския език

This is an attempt at investigating some phenomena connected with the semantic structure of the verb on a synchronic plane. The analysis is based on the principle of the sign character of language and the ideas of Bierwisch and of some other linguists on componential analysis. The four basic syntactic patterns of the verb look and the respective Bulgarian verb, and the five basic syntactic patterns of the verb turn and its Bulgarian equivalents are analyzed. Thus, the close connection and interdependence of the semantic component and the syntactic structure are revealed. The syntactic patterns are regarded as a specific micro-structure. This makes it possible to get a deeper insight into the nature of the semantic component. As a result the following important conclusions are made: the semantic elements are in hierarchic relations; they vary in the degree of activity depending on the different syntactic patterns. The analysis as a whole throws light on some specific features of the semantic component of the verbs in English and in Bulgarian: in both languages the semantic component is almost the same; in English its elements are flexible and change their configuration easily; in Bulgarian they are stable due to the morphological structure of the Bulgarian verb; each semantic element in the Bulgarian verb has its explicit exponent in the syntactic structure (on the surface) while in English the syntactic structure very often implies some semantic elements.