Допълнителната информация, носена от формите на страдателния залог със sein в немския и съм в българския език

The additional connotations expressed by the passive forms with sein in German and съм ‘to be’ in Bulgarian are compared. The voice meaning of the passive forms, the passive relation between the verbal person and the verbal action is assumed as fundamental. While in German there is a sharp delimitation in expressing process and result with the passive voice with werden and sein respectively, in Bulgarian the two passive form types are distinguished by a greater variety of connotations and they are mutually complementary. In addition to result, the passive forms with съм in Bulgarian may further denote process, iterativeness, etc. The meaning of the passive forms with sein is determined by both the semantics of the auxiliary verb and that of the past participle. The complex interaction between the elements of the analytical passive forms, their aspectual-temporal character in particular, affect the specific meaning of the respective forms in Bulgarian.