Конфронтативна лингвистика, частна граматика и теория на езика

Some problems related to contrastive linguistics (konfrontative Linguistic) are briefly reviewed in this paper. The nature and object of study of konfrontative linguistics are elucidated, as well as the conditions under which two languages, or more specifically, the systems of two or more languages, may be compared. The problem of the nature of konfrontative linguistics is related to the terminological opposition: konfrontative and contrastive. The differences between the two terms are pointed out as well as the possibilities of using the konfrontative method (the study of concrete phenomena in different languages, the use of konfrontative studies for the aims of typology, etc.). Closely linked with the description of language phenomena and konfrontative studies are the establishment of what in two languages can be compared. Language phenomena (phonetic, phonological, grammatical, lexical and stylistic) are comparable when they are linguistically relevant within the framework of a konfrontative comparative method applied to two or more languages. Different epistemological points of view arise in connection with the problem of comparability and they all affect the object of comparison (e. g. in generative grammar the object of comparison are the syntactic rules of the deep structure). In contrastive linguistics different theoretical concepts have been used and not infrequently they have been based on the process of language teaching and learning.