Конфронтативната лингвистика като основа за решаването на преводаческите проблеми

Contrastive linguistics studies the coincidences and differences between languages in their actual use. Utterances belonging to the same functional style are contrasted in different languages. The linguistic confrontation of an original text and its translation equivalent is a most reliable study. Contrastive studies are based on establishing and analysing the similarities and differences in the field of categorial phenomena, i. e. those phenomena which are relevant on the systematic level. The differences in translation assume the form of obligatory deviations. Optional deviations based on the differences in the stylistic norm are also studied, as well as the constructive deviations which inevitably accompany the obligatory and optional deviations. So far the contrastive approach has not proved sufficiently reliable in the field of differences in the choice of lexical means and in the use of expressive means. When the phenomenon is of high frequency the quantitative differences can be also established by statistical methods which make the contrastive study more objective.